Effects of Yunnan Baiyao on the Differentiation of HPDLFs on the Bio-Oss® Collagen Scaffold in vivo.

Background: Yunnan Baiyao, as a traditional Chinese herbal remedy with definite curative effect, has recently been proven can promote the proliferation of osteoblasts and differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Bio-Oss® scaffold is a porous bone graft material of natural and antigen-free bovine bone origin. Methods: To observe the effect of Yunnan Baiyao on the differentiation of HPDLFs on the Bio-Oss® collagen scaffold in vivo, the HPDLFs-Bio-Oss® collagen complex was constructed in vitro, and Yunnan Baiyao aqueous solution was added, respectively. The complex was divided into Yunnan Baiyao group I (50 µg/mL), Yunnan Baiyao group II (100 µg/mL), positive control (rhBMP-2) group and sham group. HPDLFs were identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The compatibility of HPDLFs with Bio-Oss® collagen was observed by fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope. The specimens were taken for HE staining after 8 weeks since the complex was implanted into nude mice, and the expressions of osteocalcin (OC), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), and collagen I (CON-I) were detected by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Results: The number of capillaries and osteoblasts increased significantly after Yunnan Baiyao stimulation, and the expressions of BSP, OC, OPN and CON-I were increased after Yunnan Baiyao stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Yunnan Baiyao solution can promote the differentiation of HPDLFs and the generation of capillaries on Bio-Oss® collagen scaffold in a dose-dependent manner.

Inter-satellite laser-ranging based on intradyne coherent detection.

With the development of laser communication networking, laser-ranging technology is becoming more and more applicable. In this paper, high-accuracy ranging is implemented based on intradyne coherent detection at a communication rate of 1048.576 Mbps. The ranging accuracy is affected by clock phase calculation error and code loop track error. Parallel clock phase difference calculation, frame head correlation, and ranging ambiguity region handle are combined with the ranging calibration method, realizing millimeter-level corrected distance measurement. Dynamic range measurement above 1 m is proven to be continuous through the ranging ambiguity region handle. In addition, high-precision clock frequency deviation between two asynchronous terminals can be obtained through derivation of one-way distance at static ranging or by derivative of distance difference at bidirectional ranging. The methods proposed in this paper are verified by inter-satellite laser-ranging on orbit, and the results are analyzed.

Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Analysis of n-Caproic Acid Production in Ruminococcaceae Bacterium CPB6 with Lactate Supplementation.

n-Caproic acid (CA) is gaining increased attention due to its high value as a chemical feedstock. Ruminococcaceae bacterium strain CPB6 is an anaerobic mesophilic bacterium that is highly prolific in its ability to perform chain elongation of lactate to CA. However, little is known about the genome-wide transcriptional analysis of strain CPB6 for CA production triggered by the supplementation of exogenous lactate. In this study, cultivation of strain CPB6 was carried out in the absence and presence of lactate. Transcriptional profiles were analyzed using RNA-seq, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the lactate-supplemented cells and control cells without lactate were analyzed. The results showed that lactate supplementation led to earlier CA p,roduction, and higher final CA titer and productivity. 295 genes were substrate and/or growth dependent, and these genes cover crucial functional categories. Specifically, 5 genes responsible for the reverse ß-oxidation pathway, 11 genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, 6 genes encoding substrate-binding protein (SBP), and 4 genes encoding phosphotransferase system (PTS) transporters were strikingly upregulated in response to the addition of lactate. These genes would be candidates for future studies aiming at understanding the regulatory mechanism of lactate conversion into CA, as well as for the improvement of CA production in strain CPB6. The findings presented herein reveal unique insights into the biomolecular effect of lactate on CA production at the transcriptional level.

Inter-satellite laser communication system based on double Risley prisms beam steering.

We designed an intensity modulation direct detection free-space laser communication terminal. In this system, the output power of the signal-modulated semiconductor laser amplified by two-stage fiber amplifier is 2 W, and the modulation contrast is 15 dB. Tracking of the incident beam and demodulation of the communication signal are realized by using a quadrant avalanche photodiode (APD). By means of rotating double Risley prisms, the ranges of the pitching angle and azimuth angle are ±35 and ±180 deg, respectively. The focal length of the transceiver lens is 125 mm, and the final communication field of view is 4 mrad. Without error correction coding, the sensitivity of -44.5 dBm was achieved, while the bit-error rate was below 10-3 at 70 Mbps. We also established a laser communication experiment at the laboratory; the platform jitter below 5 Hz can be effectively suppressed. The laser communication system has a compact structure, low power consumption, and effective suppression of low-frequency and high-amplitude angle jitter of the platform. The experiments demonstrate that the laser communication terminal can be used in an inter-satellite laser communication with a distance of thousands of kilometers. The theoretical analysis and experimental results are presented in the paper.

A Novel Method of Building Functional Brain Network Using Deep Learning Algorithm with Application in Proficiency Detection.

Functional brain network (FBN) has become very popular to analyze the interaction between cortical regions in the last decade. But researchers always spend a long time to search the best way to compute FBN for their specific studies. The purpose of this study is to detect the proficiency of operators during their mineral grinding process controlling based on FBN. To save the search time, a novel semi-data-driven method of computing functional brain connection based on stacked autoencoder (BCSAE) is proposed in this paper. This method uses stacked autoencoder (SAE) to encode the multi-channel EEG data into codes and then computes the dissimilarity between the codes from every pair of electrodes to build FBN. The highlight of this method is that the SAE has a multi-layered structure and is semi-supervised, which means it can dig deeper information and generate better features. Then an experiment was performed, the EEG of the operators were collected while they were operating and analyzed to detect their proficiency. The results show that the BCSAE method generated more number of separable features with less redundancy, and the average accuracy of classification (96.18%) is higher than that of the control methods: PLV (92.19%) and PLI (78.39%).

Improvement of n-caproic acid production with Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6: selection of electron acceptors and carbon sources and optimization of the culture medium.

BACKGROUND: Global energy and resource shortages make it necessary to quest for renewable resources. n-Caproic acid (CA) production based on carboxylate platform by anaerobic fermentation is booming. Recently, a novel Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6 is shown to be a potential biotransformation factory for CA production from lactate-containing wastewater. However, little is known about the effects of different electron acceptors (EAs) on the fermentative products of strain CPB6, as well as the optimum medium for CA production. RESULTS: In this study, batch experiments were performed to investigate the fermentative products of strain CPB6 in a lactate medium supplemented with different EAs and sugars. Supplementation of acetate, butyrate and sucrose dramatically increased cell growth and CA production. The addition of propionate or pentanoate resulted in the production of C5 or C7 carboxylic acid, respectively. Further, a Box-Behnken experiment was conducted to optimize the culture medium for CA production. The result indicated that a medium containing 13.30 g/L sucrose, 22.35 g/L lactate and 16.48 g/L butyrate supported high-titer CA production (16.73 g/L) with a maximum productivity of 6.50 g/L/day. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that strain CPB6 could produce C6-C7 carboxylic acids from lactate (as electron donor) with C2-C5 short-chain carboxylic acids (as EAs), but CA (C6 carboxylic acid) was the most major and potential product. Butyrate and sucrose were the most significant EA and carbon source respectively for CA production from lactate by strain CPB6. High titer of CA can be produced from a synthetic substrate containing sucrose, lactate and butyrate. The work provided significant implications for improving CA production in industry-scale.